Everything you need to Know about Multiple Myeloma

What is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma, often referred to as myeloma, is a complex and relatively rare form of blood cancer. It develops in the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These malignant plasma cells multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy blood cells and leading to various complications.

Risk Factors

While the exact cause of multiple myeloma is not fully understood, certain factors can increase the risk of developing this cancer:

Age: Myeloma is more common in older individuals, with most cases diagnosed in people over the age of 65.
Gender: Men are at a slightly higher risk than women.
Race: African Americans are at a higher risk of developing myeloma.
Family History: A family history of myeloma or other plasma cell disorders may increase the risk.

Signs and Symptoms:

Multiple myeloma can be challenging to detect in its early stages because it often doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, common signs and symptoms may include:

Bone pain, often in the back or ribs
Fatigue and weakness
Frequent infections
Anemia (low red blood cell count)
Kidney problems
High levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia)
Unexplained weight loss
Frequent urination, especially at night

If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation.

Diagnosis and Staging:

Diagnosing multiple myeloma involves a series of tests, including blood tests, urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies. Staging determines the extent and severity of the disease and helps guide treatment decisions.

Treatment Options:

The treatment plan for multiple myeloma depends on various factors, including the stage of the disease, the patient’s overall health, and individual preferences. Common treatment options include:

Chemotherapy: Medications are used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
Immunotherapy: Some myeloma therapies enhance the immune system’s ability to target and destroy cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy: Medications that specifically target molecules involved in myeloma cell growth.
Stem Cell Transplant: High-dose chemotherapy is followed by a stem cell transplant to replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
Radiation Therapy: This may be used to relieve pain or treat bone lesions.

Multiple myeloma